Configuration Alternatives

Related: Spacecraft Design Overview

Spacecraft can be arranged in countless ways depending on mission goals, payloads, and constraints.

These are examples of configuration alternatives, not an exhaustive list.

Attitude Control Configurations

• Spin Stabilized: Entire spacecraft rotates; simpler but limits instrument pointing.
• Three-Axis Stabilized: Uses reaction wheels or CMGs; allows precise control but is more complex.

Solar Array Setups

1. Fixed Panels

   • No moving parts → Reliability.
   • Less efficient if attitude changes reduce sun exposure.

2. Sun-Tracking Arrays

   • Mechanisms (gimbals) orient arrays → Higher power output.
   • Increased mass, complexity, and potential failure points.

3. Deployable Arrays

   • Fold during launch, unfold in orbit.
   • Saves volume in the fairing but adds mechanical complexity.

Antenna Placements

• High Gain vs. Low Gain: High gain allows longer-distance comms but must be pointed accurately.
• Placement can affect center-of-gravity, aerodynamic fairing constraints (for large antennas).

Payload Accommodation

• Instrument orientation, field of view, data/power demands.
• Clearance needed to avoid internal structures or solar panel blockage.
• Contamination control for sensitive optics or sensors.

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Trade-Offs:

• Mass vs. reliability (redundancy adds mass).
• Complexity vs. cost (moving parts → cost).
• Flexibility vs. schedule (faster development might limit sophisticated features).

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